Bihar, often called the “Land of Enlightenment”, is a state in eastern India with a rich historical and cultural heritage. Apart from its historical importance, Bihar also offers some great adventure opportunities. In this article, we will explore the top 13 famous and adventurous places in Bihar, combining both the cultural and adventure aspects of this vibrant state.
Here is the Top 13 Famous and Adventure Places in Bihar
1. Bodh Gaya:
Bodh Gaya is an important religious and pilgrimage site located in the Indian state of Bihar. It has immense significance in Buddhism as it is believed to be the place where the historical Buddha Siddhartha Gautama attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree. Here are some key details about Bodhgaya:
- Historical Significance : Bodh Gaya is the place where Prince Siddhartha, later known as the Buddha, meditated under a Peepal tree (now called the Bodhi tree) and attained enlightenment about 2,500 years ago. This event is known as “the Enlightenment of the Bodhi Tree”
- Mahabodhi Temple : The Mahabodhi Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located at the site where the Buddha is believed to have attained enlightenment.It is one of the most important Buddhist pilgrimage sites and a fine example of Indian brick building architecture.The temple complex also includes other stupas and shrines.
- Bodhi Tree : The sacred Bodhi tree, a direct descendant of the original tree under which the Buddha meditated, is a central attraction in Bodh Gaya.Pilgrims and visitors from all over the world come to pay homage and meditate under this tree.
- Great Buddha Statue : Near the Mahabodhi Temple there is a large bronze statue of Buddha in meditation posture.The statue was consecrated by the 14th Dalai Lama and is an important landmark in the region.
- Pilgrimage Destination : Bodhgaya attracts Buddhists and tourists from different parts of the world who come to meditate, pray and gain spiritual insight.It is a place of deep religious and cultural significance for Buddhists.
- Cultural Exchange : Bodh Gaya has also been a site of cultural exchange and inter-religious dialogue.It welcomes visitors of all religions and backgrounds who are interested in learning about Buddhism and the life of the Buddha.
- Festivals : Various Buddhist festivals including Buddha Purnima (Buddha’s birthday) are celebrated with great enthusiasm in Bodh Gaya.During these events the city comes alive with colorful processions and celebrations.
- Tourism : Apart from its religious significance, Bodh Gaya offers a serene environment, making it a popular destination for travelers seeking spiritual relaxation and a peaceful escape from the hustle and bustle of modern life.
2. Nalanda:
Nalanda was a famous ancient learning center located in the present day Bihar state of India. It was one of the first residential universities in the world and played an important role in the development of Buddhism as well as various academic and philosophical traditions.
Key facts about Nalanda:
- Foundation : Nalanda University was established in the 5th century AD during the rule of the Gupta dynasty.It is believed to have been founded by the Gupta emperor Kumaragupta.
- Location : Nalanda was located near the modern city of Bihar Sharif in the Indian state of Bihar.It was strategically located on ancient trade routes.
- Academic Excellence : Nalanda University attracted scholars and students from all over Asia, including China, Tibet, Korea and Central Asia.It provided education in a wide range of subjects including philosophy, logic, mathematics, astronomy, medicine and Buddhist studies.
- Library : One of the most important features of Nalanda was its library, which is said to have a vast collection of manuscripts and texts from different cultures.The library was known as “Dharmganj” or “Treasury of Truth“.
- Notable Scholars : Prominent scholars such as Nagarjuna, Aryabhata and Atisha studied and taught at Nalanda.The university’s intellectual contributions greatly influenced the development of Buddhist thought and other disciplines.
- Decline : Nalanda University has faced many invasions and destruction over the centuries. The most devastating blow came in the 12th century when the Turkish invader Bakhtiyar Khilji destroyed it.This event was the beginning of the decline of Nalanda as a center of learning.
- Rediscovery : The historical importance of Nalanda has been revived Efforts have been made to restore and preserve the ruins of the ancient university, and a new Nalanda International University has been established nearby, which aims to carry on the legacy of the original Nalanda as a center of education and research.
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3. Patna:
Patna, the capital of the Indian state of Bihar, is a vibrant and historically rich metropolis located on the south bank of the River Ganges.With a history dating back thousands of years, Patna is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.It has been a major center of education, culture and governance since ancient times.
The city is famous for its historical importance, with historical places like Golghar, a granary built by the British in the 18th century, and the Patna Museum, which houses a vast collection of artefacts from the region’s past. Mahavir Mandir and Patna Sahib Gurdwara are important religious places that attract devotees from all over the country.
Patna is also the center of education and politics in India.It is home to several prestigious educational institutions including Patna University, which has a rich tradition of academic excellence. The city has played an important role in the political landscape of Bihar and the country, with many prominent political leaders hailing from the region.
Modern Patna is a bustling city with a mix of traditional and contemporary elements.Its markets are filled with local handicrafts, textiles and delicious street food, giving visitors a taste of the region’s unique culture.The rapid urbanization of the city has led to the development of infrastructure, making it an important economic and transport hub in northern India.
4. Vikramshila University:
Vikramshila University was an ancient Buddhist learning center located in present-day Bihar, India.It was one of the most prominent universities in ancient India and played an important role in the spread of Buddhism and the pursuit of knowledge during its existence.
Here are some key points about Vikramshila University:
- Foundation : Vikramshila University was founded by King Dharmapala of the Pala dynasty in the late 8th or early 9th century. It was named after King Vikramaditya, who was a patron of education.
- Location : This University was located near the modern city of Bhagalpur in Bihar, India. Its strategic location along the river Ganges made it an important center of trade and learning.
- Academic Excellence : Vikramashila University was renowned for its academic excellence, especially in the field of Buddhist studies.It attracted scholars and students from different parts of India and even from other countries.
- Buddhist Studies : The University played an important role in the preservation and dissemination of Buddhist teachings, especially the Vajrayana and Tantric traditions.It was known for its expertise in the study of Buddhist philosophy, meditation and religious texts.
- Influence : The influence of Vikramashila University extends beyond the borders of India, with Tibetan and Southeast Asian scholars and pilgrims visiting the institution to study Buddhism.
- Decline : Despite its initial prominence, Vikramashila University declined in the late 12th century due to various factors, including invasions by Muslim rulers and a change in patronage from Buddhism to Hinduism.Eventually, the university ceased to exist as a center of education.
- Archaeological Site : Vikramshila University is an important archaeological site today.Excavations have revealed remains of monastic complexes, stupas and various artefacts, which throw light on its historical importance.
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5. Bhagalpur:
Bhagalpur is a city located in the state of Bihar in eastern India. It is famous for its rich history, cultural heritage and economic importance. Here are some key things about Bhagalpur
- Geography : Bhagalpur is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges River and is part of the Gangetic plains. It is known for its fertile land and is often referred to as the “Silk City” due to its historical association with silk production.
- Historical Significance : The history of Bhagalpur dates back to ancient times. It was an important center for trade and commerce during the medieval period and was ruled by various dynasties, including the Mauryas, Guptas, and Mughals.
- Cultural Heritage : The city has a rich cultural heritage with a blend of Hindu and Muslim traditions.It is home to several historic temples, mosques, and monuments, including the Vikramshila University ruins, which are of archaeological importance.
- Tourism : Bhagalpur offers some tourist attractions such as the Vikramshila University ruins, Mandar Parvat (a sacred hill associated with Hindu mythology), and the Ghanta Ghar (Clock Tower). The Ganges River also attracts pilgrims and tourists.
6. Sasaram:
Sasaram is a city in Rohtas district in the Indian state of Bihar.It is a historical and cultural center in the region and is known for its rich heritage. Sasaram is famous for several reasons:
- Tomb of Sher Shah Suri : The most prominent attraction in Sasaram is the tomb of Sher Shah Suri, the founder of the Suri dynasty in North India. This tomb is an architectural marvel and is often compared to the Taj Mahal in Agra due to its grandeur and design.
- Historical Significance : Sasaram has a rich history and was an important center during the rule of Sher Shah Suri, who established the famous Grand Trunk Road connecting Bengal to the Punjab region. This road still exists and plays a significant role in transportation in the region.
- Cultural Heritage : The city has a unique blend of cultures due to its historical significance and the presence of various communities. It has a vibrant cultural scene with festivals, fairs, and cultural events that showcase the diversity of the region.
- Natural Beauty : Sasaram is surrounded by picturesque landscapes, including hills and rivers, making it a scenic destination for nature enthusiasts.
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7. Valmiki National Park:
Valmiki National Park is a protected area located in the state of Bihar, India. It is one of the prominent national parks in the region and covers an area of approximately 899 square kilometers (347 square miles). Established in 1976, Valmiki National Park is known for its rich biodiversity and scenic beauty.
Here are some key highlights and features of Valmiki National Park:
- Geography : The Park is situated in the northwestern part of Bihar, near the Nepal border. It is part of the Gangetic Plains and is characterized by diverse landscapes, including forests, grasslands, and riverine ecosystems.
- Wildlife : Valmiki National Park is home to a wide variety of wildlife species. Some of the prominent animals found in the park include Bengal tigers, Indian leopards, Indian elephants, sloth bears, sambar deer, barking deer, and wild boars. It is also a haven for birdwatchers, with numerous bird species inhabiting the park.
- Flora : The Park is covered with a mix of deciduous and evergreen forests, making it a crucial habitat for diverse plant species. The park’s vegetation includes sal forests, bamboo groves, and various medicinal plants.
- River Gandak : The Gandak River flows through Valmiki National Park, adding to its scenic beauty and providing a source of water for the park’s wildlife. The riverine ecosystem along the Gandak supports a range of aquatic life as well.
8. Sitamarhi:
Sitamarhi is a city located in the state of Bihar in India. It is known for its historical and cultural significance, particularly in relation to the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. Sitamarhi is believed to be the birthplace of Goddess Sita, the wife of Lord Rama, according to Hindu mythology.
The city is also known for its religious festivals, with the most significant one being “Janaki Navami” or “Sita Navami,” which celebrates the birth of Goddess Sita. This festival attracts pilgrims and devotees from various parts of India.
Sitamarhi is an important pilgrimage destination for followers of Hinduism, and it holds a special place in the hearts of devotees due to its association with the Ramayana. It is a place of historical and cultural significance in India.
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9. Kesaria Stupa:
The Kesaria Stupa, also known as the Kesaria Stupa, is a historical and archaeological site located in Kesaria, Bihar, India. It is one of the most significant Buddhist monuments in the country. The Kesaria Stupa is believed to date back to the 3rd century BCE, making it a valuable relic from India’s ancient Buddhist heritage.
Key features and facts about the Kesaria Stupa include:
- Size : The stupa is known for its colossal size, with a height of approximately 104 feet (31.6 meters) and a circumference of about 1400 feet (427 meters). This makes it one of the largest stupas in India and the world.
- Architectural Style : The Kesaria Stupa is built in the architectural style typical of Buddhist stupas, characterized by a hemispherical dome on top of a raised platform. Stupas were used to house relics of the Buddha or prominent Buddhist monks.
- History : The stupa is associated with the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka, who played a pivotal role in the spread of Buddhism in ancient India. However, it is believed to have been originally constructed during the reign of Emperor Ashoka’s grandson, Samprati.
- Destruction and Restoration : Over the centuries, the Kesaria Stupa suffered from natural decay and damage due to various factors. It was subsequently neglected and lay in ruins. However, efforts have been made to restore and preserve this ancient monument, and it has undergone restoration work in recent years.
- Tourist Attraction : Today, the Kesaria Stupa is a popular tourist attraction, drawing visitors interested in India’s rich Buddhist heritage and ancient architecture. The site offers an opportunity to explore the history and significance of Buddhism in the region.
- Location : Kesaria is situated in the state of Bihar in eastern India. It is part of the broader Buddhist circuit in India, which includes other important Buddhist sites like Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, and Kushinagar.
- Religious Significance : The Kesaria Stupa holds religious significance for Buddhists and serves as a place of worship and meditation for followers of Buddhism.
10. Madhubani:
Madhubani is a traditional folk art that originated from the Mithila region in Bihar, India. It is known for its colorful and intricate paintings, which often depict Hindu mythology, nature and daily life. This art uses bold lines and vibrant colors, primarily using natural dyes and pigments on handmade paper or fabric.
Historically, Madhubani art adorned the walls of homes during special occasions like weddings and festivals. Over time, it has gained recognition worldwide, with artists celebrated for their creativity.
Madhubani art comprises five distinct styles associated with different Mithila villages: Bharni, Kachni, Tantrik, Godna, and Kohbar. Each style has unique characteristics and techniques.
Madhubani art has expanded to include various mediums like pottery and fabric, ensuring its preservation and promotion for future generations.
11. Raxaul:
Raxaul is a town located in the East Champaran district of the Indian state of Bihar. It is situated on the border with Nepal and serves as an important trading and transportation hub between India and Nepal. Raxaul is known for its vibrant markets, and it’s a popular destination for cross-border trade and commerce. The town is well-connected by road and rail, making it a significant transit point for goods and people traveling between India and Nepal. Additionally, there is a railway station in Raxaul that facilitates the movement of passengers and freight in the region.
12. Kanwar Lake:
Kanwar Lake is the largest oxbow lake in Asia and is located in the state of Bihar, India. Oxbow lakes are formed when a river changes its course and leaves behind a curved or crescent-shaped body of water. Kanwar Lake, with an area of approximately 67 square kilometers, is a significant wetland and plays a vital role in the region’s biodiversity and ecosystem.
Key features and information about Kanwar Lake:
- Location : Kanwar Lake is situated in the Begusarai district of Bihar, in the northeastern part of India. It is about 22 kilometers away from the district headquarters, Begusarai.
- Formation : This oxbow lake was formed when the Gandak River, a major tributary of the Ganges River, changed its course over time, leaving behind the crescent-shaped water body known as Kanwar Lake.
- Biodiversity : Kanwar Lake is a haven for a wide variety of flora and fauna. It is a vital wetland ecosystem that serves as a habitat for numerous bird species, especially migratory birds. It is a designated Ramsar Site, which means it is recognized internationally as an important wetland of global significance.
- Migratory Birds : The Lake attracts migratory birds during the winter months, making it a popular spot for birdwatching. Various species of waterfowl, including ducks, geese, and waders, visit Kanwar Lake during their seasonal migrations.
- Conservation : The Lake and its surrounding area are protected to conserve its unique biodiversity and maintain its ecological balance. Local authorities and conservation organizations work together to ensure the sustainable management of the lake.
- Tourism : Kanwar Lake has also gained popularity among nature enthusiasts and tourists interested in birdwatching and ecotourism. Birdwatchers and photographers visit the lake to observe and capture the diverse avian life.
- Threats : Like many wetlands, Kanwar Lake faces threats such as habitat loss, pollution, and encroachment. Conservation efforts are essential to protect this important ecosystem.
13. Barabar Caves:
The Barabar Caves, also known as the Barabar Hill Caves, are a group of ancient rock-cut caves located in the state of Bihar, India. These caves hold significant historical and architectural importance, as they are some of the earliest examples of rock-cut architecture in India and date back to the Mauryan Empire, which ruled from the 4th to 2nd century BCE.
The Barabar Caves consist of four main caves:
- Lomas Rishi Cave : This cave is the most famous of the Barabar Caves and is known for its unique polished interior. It is believed to have been dedicated to the sage Lomas Rishi and features a large rectangular chamber with polished walls and an arched entrance.
- Sudama Cave : The Sudama Cave is smaller in size and consists of a single rectangular chamber. It is named after Sudama, a friend of Lord Krishna from Hindu mythology.
- Karan Chaupar Cave : This cave is also known as the Karan Chaupar or Karan Chopar Cave and is dedicated to King Bimbisara’s son, Karan. It has a more elaborate design compared to the other caves and features a large veranda with columns.
- Visva Zopri Cave : The Visva Zopri Cave is the smallest of the Barabar Caves and consists of a single cell. It is believed to have been used by ascetics and hermits.
People Also Ask About Bihar
Q1. Best time to visit Bihar?
A1.The best time to visit Bihar is during the winter months, from November to February, when the weather is pleasant.
Q2. Famous festivals celebrated in Bihar?
A2.Yes, Bihar celebrates various festivals, including Chhath Puja, Holi, and Diwali, with great enthusiasm.
Q3. Can I find vegetarian food in Bihar?
A3.Yes, Bihar offers a wide range of vegetarian dishes, including regional specialties like Litti chokha and sattu paratha.
Q4. Are there any adventure sports facilities in Bihar?
A4.Yes, Bihar has adventure sports facilities, such as trekking, rock climbing, and wildlife safaris, in various locations across the state.
Q5. What is the main attraction at Bodh Gaya?
A5.The main attraction at Bodh Gaya is the Mahabodhi Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which marks the spot where Buddha is believed to have attained enlightenment. The sacred Bodhi tree and a great Buddha statue nearby are also prominent attractions.
Q6. What is unique about the Kesaria Stupa?
A6.The Kesaria Stupa is one of the largest stupas in India, dating back to the 3rd century BCE. It is known for its colossal size and architectural significance, similar to other Buddhist stupas.
Q7. What is Madhubani art known for?
A7.Madhubani art is known for its colorful and intricate paintings that often depict Hindu mythology, nature, and daily life. It is a traditional folk art originating from the Mithila region in Bihar.
